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Conservative and Minimally Invasive Interventions for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and
Alberto A Iturbe Cordero1, Arturo P Jaramillo2, Nelly M Omana Bautista3
1General Dentistry, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, VEN.
Cureus
|October 15, 2025
Summary
Both conservative and minimally invasive treatments offer short-term pain relief for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Multimodal conservative programs and arthrocentesis provide the greatest benefits for TMD pain management.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Pain Management
- Rehabilitation
Background:
- Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) management includes conservative and minimally invasive options.
- Comparative effectiveness of different TMD treatments remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized trials on TMD treatments.
- To quantify treatment effects on pain and function in TMD patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 randomized/quasi-randomized TMD trials (~500 participants).
- Primary outcome: pain (VAS, NRS); Secondary outcome: maximal mouth opening (MMO).
- Statistical analysis using RevMan 5.4 (random-effects model).
Main Results:
- Active interventions improved pain more than controls.
- Minimally invasive arthrocentesis showed faster pain relief than non-surgical options.
- Both conservative and minimally invasive approaches yielded clinically meaningful short-term benefits.
Conclusions:
- Conservative and minimally invasive TMD treatments provide significant short-term pain reduction.
- Multimodal conservative programs and arthrocentesis as escalation offer optimal benefits.
- Limited publication bias observed; further RCTs needed for outcome standardization.
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