From classroom to crash site: Medical students' road safety awareness and traffic accident experiences in Puducherry

Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are a major public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), reports that approximately 1.19 million people die each year due to RTAs, with low and middle-income countries accounting for 90% of these fatalities despite having only 60% of the world's vehicles. Medical students, being future healthcare providers, play the crucial role in injury prevention and emergency response. However, data on their awareness of RTAs and associated risk factors remain limited, particularly in Puducherry, India.

This study aimed to assess the awareness of RTAs and their consequences, among medical students and identify associated factors leading to RTAs.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital in Pondicherry over a 3-month period. Following approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (EC/125/2024), 435 medical students spanning first through final year using purposive sampling methodology were recruited. Data collection utilized a structured, self-administered questionnaire that examined socio-demographic characteristics, vehicle usage patterns, road traffic accident history, safety behaviors, knowledge of triage protocols, Basic Life Support competency, and traffic sign recognition. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.0, with logistic regression models employed to evaluate relationships between socio-demographic variables and road traffic accident exposure.

Among participants, 62.8% were female and 40.9% were 5-year students. Two-wheelers were used by 60.0%. RTAs affected 36.8% of students, with two-wheeler users having highest involvement (41.0%). Risk factors included male gender, 3-year status, mechanical issues, and traffic violations. Helmet/seatbelt use reduced RTA risk to 37.2%.

Medical students frequently experience RTAs, with risk factors including two-wheeler usage, male gender, and traffic violations. Strengthening awareness programs, enforcing traffic laws, and promoting safe driving behaviors are essential for reducing RTAs among young adults.