Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Supplementation Modulates Bone Resorption in Experimental Apical Periodontitis

Area of Science:

• Oral Biology
• Periodontology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease causing alveolar bone loss.
• Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and bone metabolism-regulating properties.
• C3G's potential therapeutic effects on AP-induced bone resorption warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of C3G supplementation on bone resorption and inflammation during AP progression in Wistar rats.
• To assess C3G's influence on lesion volume, bone microstructure, and key molecular markers at the AP site.

Main Methods:

• Wistar rats received daily oral C3G or placebo for 45 days.
• AP was induced and allowed to develop for 30 days.
• Analysis included lesion volume, bone microstructure, inflammatory infiltrate, cytokine expression (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10), RANKL/OPG ratio, and TRAP activity.

Main Results:

• C3G treatment significantly reduced lesion volume and the RANKL/OPG ratio.
• Bone microstructure improved with increased bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in C3G-treated rats.
• No significant changes in inflammatory infiltrate or cytokine levels were observed; TRAP-positive cells were reduced.

Conclusions:

• C3G supplementation effectively modulates bone resorption in AP by reducing lesion size and osteoclast activity.
• C3G enhances bone microstructural parameters in the context of apical periodontitis.
• While C3G impacts bone metabolism, its effect on local inflammatory markers in AP requires further study.