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Liberating Ca2+ Storage from Lattices: Amorphous FePOx Unveiling an Inside-Out Adaptive Cathode Paradigm
Shuhan Jin1, Fan Xue2, He Zhu2
1Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572000, P. R. China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 15, 2025
Summary
Amorphous iron phosphate (FePOx) enables efficient calcium storage in batteries by overcoming lattice restrictions. Its flexible structure enhances ion transport and surface optimization for improved performance in calcium-ion batteries.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are promising multivalent-ion batteries (MVIBs).
- Advancement is hindered by cathode materials' inability to accommodate large Ca2+ ions with rapid kinetics.
- Existing rigid crystalline structures limit ion mobility and storage capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate amorphous FePOx as an effective cathode material for CIBs.
- To unveil the adaptive Ca2+ storage mechanism in amorphous FePOx.
- To overcome lattice restrictions and enhance electrochemical performance.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of amorphous FePOx.
- Electrochemical testing of amorphous FePOx as a cathode in CIBs.
- Analysis of ion transport pathways and surface evolution during cycling.
Main Results:
- Amorphous FePOx exhibits superior Ca2+ diffusion (3.24 × 10-9 cm2 s-1) due to its disordered framework.
- The material demonstrates dynamic surface self-optimization via void migration, enhancing Ca2+ adsorption sites.
- Achieved high capacity (124.3 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1), excellent cyclability (92.1 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles), and rate capability (76% retention at 300 mA g-1).
Conclusions:
- Amorphous architectures offer significant advantages for advanced MVIBs.
- The flexible framework of amorphous FePOx enables efficient Ca2+ storage and rapid kinetics.
- This study highlights the potential of amorphous materials for next-generation energy storage devices.
