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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.1K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
30.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

10.4K
For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
10.4K
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

1.8K
In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
1.8K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

5.7K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
5.7K

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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Collectivity effect in cluster catalysis under operational conditions.

Jia-Lan Chen1, Xue-Chun Jiang1, Li Feng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Nature Communications
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence reveals that numerous subnanometer metal cluster sites collectively enhance catalytic activity. This collective effect, driven by intrinsic activity and abundance, offers new insights for designing efficient cluster catalysts.

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous Catalysis
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Subnanometer metal clusters show promise as catalysts.
  • Their application is hindered by structural heterogeneity and dynamic changes during reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate catalytic sites in cluster catalysts under reaction conditions.
  • To understand the factors governing the collective activity of these sites.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized artificial intelligence-enhanced multiscale modeling.
  • Integrated statistical analysis and data-driven machine learning.
  • Validated findings using CO oxidation on Cu/CeO2 as a model system.

Main Results:

  • Discovered that numerous sites across various sizes, compositions, isomers, and locations contribute collectively to catalytic activity.
  • Identified high intrinsic activity and abundance as key drivers for this collective effect.
  • Machine learning revealed that local atomic coordination and adsorption energy balance governs this collectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The collective behavior of active sites is crucial in subnanometer cluster catalysis.
  • Insights into active site dynamics and collective effects can guide the design of advanced catalysts.
  • This approach offers a powerful strategy for exploring active sites in heterogeneous catalysis.