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Does listening behavior shape middle-ear function? A wideband tympanometry study in headphone users.

Aysun Parlak Kocabay1, Aysegul Esdogan2, Aysenur Aykul Yagcioglu2

  • 1Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. aysunprlk@gmail.com.

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PubMed
Summary

Long-term in-ear headphone use may cause subtle changes in middle-ear sound transmission. Wideband tympanometry can detect these early auditory changes in young adults.

Keywords:
Acoustic absorbanceIn-ear headphonesMiddle earPersonal listening devicesWideband tympanometry

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Otology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Prolonged use of personal listening devices, particularly in-ear headphones, is common among young adults.
  • Potential impacts on auditory health, specifically middle-ear transmission, require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of long-term in-ear headphone use on middle-ear transmission properties.
  • To evaluate cochlear and reflex-level auditory function using specific audiological tests.

Main Methods:

  • Wideband tympanometry (WBT) was used to measure middle-ear absorbance in high (≥3 h/day) and low (≤1 h/day) headphone exposure groups.
  • Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) were assessed.
  • Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were employed for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • The high exposure group showed significantly altered middle-ear absorbance at specific frequencies under ambient and peak pressure conditions compared to the low exposure group.
  • No significant differences were observed in resonance frequency, ear canal volume, TEOAEs, or ARTs between the groups.
  • Subtle, subclinical alterations in middle-ear sound transmission mechanics were indicated.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged in-ear headphone use may lead to subtle, subclinical changes in middle-ear mechanics without affecting cochlear function.
  • Wideband tympanometry is a sensitive tool for detecting early auditory changes from recreational sound exposure.
  • Longitudinal monitoring of middle-ear biomechanics is recommended for young users of personal listening devices.