Health Workforce Attrition in Lithuania: Migration and Career Exit Intentions

Background/Objectives: Human resources for health remain one of the key factors ensuring the effectiveness and accessibility of the healthcare system. Many countries face a shortage of physicians due to the migration of healthcare professionals and career changes, making it crucial to understand the underlying causes of these processes. The aim of this study was to assess the intentions to emigrate among Lithuanian medical students, residents, and practicing physicians, as well as to identify the main reasons for migration and plans regarding employment in the medical profession. Methods: The study was conducted using an anonymous, author-designed questionnaire survey, in which 1367 respondents participated. Results: The results indicate that 50.91% of students, 39.70% of residents, and 36.81% of physicians plan to emigrate or do not intend to work in the medical profession at all. The main reasons specified for emigration were higher salaries, better living conditions, and greater professional opportunities. The primary reasons for leaving the medical profession included low salary, physical and psychological strain, and administrative burden (among physicians), also the perception that the profession is not suitable for them (among students and residents). Conclusions: These findings are important for shaping human resource policies and strategies in the Lithuanian healthcare system and may also be valuable for policymakers in other countries facing similar challenges.