Endocrinology and the Lung: Exploring the Bidirectional Axis and Future Directions
1Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C. Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 16, 2025
Summary
The lung acts as an endocrine organ, influencing and being influenced by hormones. This bidirectional relationship, the "endocrine lung," impacts respiratory health and systemic functions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Physiology
Background:
- The lung is recognized for its dual respiratory and endocrine functions.
- Bidirectional crosstalk exists between pulmonary cells and systemic hormones.
- This interaction defines the concept of the 'endocrine lung'.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on the endocrine-pulmonary axis.
- To explore the influence of hormones on lung function and vice versa.
- To discuss clinical implications and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Synthesis of evidence on hormonal regulation of lung development and function.
- Analysis of respiratory manifestations of endocrine diseases and vice versa.
Main Results:
- Systemic hormones (thyroid, glucocorticoids, sex steroids, metabolic hormones) critically influence lung development, immunity, and mechanics.
- The lung produces mediators (serotonin, endothelin-1, leptin) affecting vascular tone and homeostasis.
- Endocrine diseases manifest in the respiratory system (e.g., sleep apnea in acromegaly), and chronic lung diseases affect endocrine axes (e.g., insulin resistance in COPD).
Conclusions:
- The endocrine-pulmonary axis is a critical determinant of overall health.
- Understanding this axis is vital for managing both pulmonary and endocrine disorders.
- Future research should focus on pulmonary hormone networks and hormone-based therapies.
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