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Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
Published on: January 30, 2014
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Ozone Saline Solution Polarizes Microglial Cells Towards an Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype
Federica Armeli1, Beatrice Mengoni1, Martina Menin1
1Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
Summary
Low-dose ozonated saline solution (Ozone therapy) enhances cell growth and antioxidant defenses while reducing inflammation in immune cells. This suggests potential for safe systemic ozone therapy.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Ozone (O3) therapy shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Systemic administration of ozonated saline solution (O3SS) is not well-studied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of O3SS on microglial (BV2) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells.
- To explore the potential of O3SS as a systemic ozone therapy.
Main Methods:
- Cells were treated with varying doses of O3SS (1, 5, 10 μg/NmL).
- Cytotoxicity was assessed using viability assays.
- Antioxidant gene expression (Nrf2, SOD1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured.
- Microglial phenotype was analyzed by quantifying pro-inflammatory (iNOS, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (Arg-1, IL-10) markers.
Main Results:
- Low O3SS doses (1, 5 μg/NmL) promoted cell proliferation without toxicity.
- High O3SS dose (10 μg/NmL) decreased cell viability and increased cell death.
- O3SS upregulated antioxidant genes and decreased ROS in LPS-stimulated microglia.
- O3SS shifted microglial phenotype towards an anti-inflammatory state, confirmed by increased Arg-1 expression.
Conclusions:
- Low-dose O3SS activates cellular antioxidant defenses and promotes an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype.
- O3SS demonstrates potential as a safe systemic ozone therapy.
- Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm efficacy and optimize clinical protocols.
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