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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
Published on: March 29, 2019
Beyond Visualization: Advanced Imaging, Theragnostics and Biomarker Integration in Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Eduardo Albers Acosta1, Lira Pelari Mici1, Carlos Márquez Güemez1
1Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
None:
Background/Objectives: Bladder cancer is characterized by high recurrence and progression rates, posing a challenge to current diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies, including novel PET tracers, AI-assisted cystoscopy, theragnostics, and molecular biomarkers. Methods: We performed a narrative review of the recent literature focusing on innovations in imaging, AI, theragnostics, and biomarker research relevant to bladder cancer diagnosis and management. Results: Several novel PET tracers, such as 68Ga-PSMA and fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI), demonstrated potential in improving detection sensitivity. AI-enhanced cystoscopy has shown promise in real-time lesion detection, while theragnostic agents enable combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Advances in molecular biomarkers, including circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) and gene expression signatures, offer new avenues for patient stratification and monitoring. Conclusions: Integration of advanced imaging, AI, theragnostics, and biomarker analysis may transform bladder cancer management, supporting personalized and more effective care strategies.
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