[Autoimmune Encephalitis and Associated Sleep Disorders]

Autoimmune encephalitis can cause various sleep disorders. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis often presents with insomnia in the acute phase, which may transition into hypersomnia or confusional arousal during recovery. Anti-LGI1 and anti-CASPR2 encephalitis can also cause Morvan's syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by blurred distinctions between sleep stages, leading to status dissociatus and agrypnia excitata. Anti-IgLON5 disease is associated with parasomnia, sleep apnea, and stridor, all of which can lead to sudden death. NMOSD and anti-Ma2 encephalitis may present as narcolepsy accompanied by hypothalamic lesions, likely due to orexin deficiency.