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Comparing Two Folate Receptor β‑Targeted Tracers in a Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis.

Erika Atencio Herre1, Xiang-Guo Li1,2,3,4, Heidi Liljenbäck1,5

  • 1Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Folate receptor β (FR-β) imaging can detect active myocardial inflammation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The novel tracer [18F]-SFB-FOL shows comparable performance to [18F]-FOL in identifying inflammation via FR-β-positive macrophages.

Keywords:
PETexperimental autoimmune myocarditisfolatefolate receptor βmyocarditis

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Folate receptor β (FR-β) is expressed on activated macrophages and may indicate autoimmune myocarditis.
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting FR-β show promise for imaging activated macrophages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the novel PET tracer [18F]-SFB-FOL for detecting myocardial inflammation in a rat model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).
  • To compare the efficacy of [18F]-SFB-FOL with the established FR-β tracer [18F]-FOL in EAM.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was induced in Lewis rats.
  • Rats underwent PET imaging using [18F]-FDG, followed by dynamic PET with either [18F]-SFB-FOL or [18F]-FOL.
  • Myocardial tissues were analyzed post-imaging using γ-counting, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry for macrophage quantification.

Main Results:

  • Both [18F]-SFB-FOL and [18F]-FOL demonstrated high radiochemical purity and in vivo stability.
  • PET imaging revealed significantly higher tracer uptake in inflamed myocardium compared to remote areas, correlating with macrophage presence.
  • [18F]-SFB-FOL showed a higher lesion-to-remote uptake ratio (5.7 ± 1.8) than [18F]-FOL (3.8 ± 0.5).

Conclusions:

  • [18F]-SFB-FOL is a suitable PET tracer for detecting active myocardial inflammation associated with FR-β expression in EAM.
  • [18F]-SFB-FOL performs comparably to [18F]-FOL in this model, suggesting its potential for clinical translation.