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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Would a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process lead to placebo effects compared to a simple process?

Yu-Hsiang Wu1, Megan Dorfler1, Elizabeth Stangl1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.

Frontiers in Audiology and Otology
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A comprehensive hearing aid fitting process did not show placebo effects compared to a simple one. However, most participants experienced placebo effects, with age and personality influencing susceptibility to these hearing aid outcomes.

Keywords:
ecological momentary assessmentfittinghearing aidoutcomeplacebo effect

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Placebo effects influence health outcomes beyond the treatment itself.
  • Understanding placebo effects in audiology is crucial for patient care.
  • Personal attributes may modulate susceptibility to placebo effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process induces placebo effects compared to a streamlined process.
  • To determine if personality traits predict susceptibility to placebo effects in hearing aid users.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty adults with hearing loss underwent two fake hearing aid fitting conditions: Comprehensive (CM) and Streamlined (ST).
  • Actual hearing aid settings were used in 3-week field trials for both conditions.
  • Outcomes were measured using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and personality was assessed via the NEO Five-Factor Inventory.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in IOI-HA scores were found between the CM and ST conditions.
  • Most participants (73%) expressed a preference for one fitting process over the other, despite identical hearing aid settings.
  • Younger age and higher agreeableness were associated with a greater likelihood of having a hearing aid preference.

Conclusions:

  • The comprehensive hearing aid fitting process did not yield a group-level placebo effect on outcomes.
  • A majority of participants exhibited placebo effects, believing one fitting was superior.
  • Individual differences in personality and age correlate with susceptibility to placebo effects in hearing aid fittings.