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Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

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Research progress in artificial intelligence for brain metastases.

Dongxiang Wang¹, Wei Wang², Tong Li³

¹Medical Imaging, Faculty of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in Medicine

|October 16, 2025

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), is enhancing brain metastases (BM) imaging evaluation. AI improves diagnostic efficiency and supports personalized treatment planning in neuro-oncology.

Keywords:

CT MRI brain metastases deep learning machine learning

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in medicine is rapidly advancing.
Neuro-oncology increasingly utilizes AI for complex diagnostic tasks.
Brain metastases (BM) imaging evaluation presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of AI, specifically machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in the imaging evaluation of brain metastases (BM).
To analyze AI's role in segmentation, differential diagnosis, and prognostic prediction for BM.
To assess the current state and future potential of AI in neuro-oncological imaging.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed for studies published within the last 5 years.
Categorization and analysis of retrieved literature based on clinical tasks: segmentation, differential diagnosis, and prognostic prediction.
Synthesis of evidence on AI capabilities in detecting, segmenting, and diagnosing BM.

Main Results:

AI demonstrates capabilities in automatic detection and segmentation of BM using advanced imaging.
AI aids in differentiating BM from other intracranial lesions.
AI shows emerging potential in predicting prognosis and new metastatic development.

Conclusions:

AI enhances diagnostic efficiency and reproducibility in neuro-oncological imaging.
AI provides valuable insights for personalized treatment planning.
AI in neuro-oncological imaging is nascent with significant potential for future development.