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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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Preoperative Brain Mapping Predicts Language Outcomes After Eloquent Tumor Resection.

Matthew T Muir^1,2, Kyle Noll³, Sarah Prinsloo¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Human Brain Mapping

|October 16, 2025

Summary

Surgeons can now predict long-term language deficits after glioma surgery using a new non-invasive mapping tool. This approach identifies critical white matter tracts, guiding surgical decisions to preserve language function.

Keywords:

aphasia glioma surgery tractography transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neuroscience
Medical Imaging

Background:

Glioma surgery near language areas risks permanent language deficits.
Current intraoperative mapping relies on subjective judgments, impacting surgical decisions.
A quantitative, non-invasive method is needed to predict surgical impact on language function.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a non-invasive mapping approach for predicting long-term language deficits after glioma resection.
To quantitatively assess the impact of surgical decisions on language function using preoperative data.

Main Methods:

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) language mapping was used preoperatively in 79 patients with gliomas.
Language-positive sites (TMS points) and white matter tracts (TMS tracts) were identified.
Postoperative language deficits (PLDs) were correlated with resected TMS tracts and normative tract data.

Main Results:

Resection of TMS points alone did not predict PLDs.
Resection of TMS tracts, particularly subcortical segments, significantly predicted PLDs (OR=60).
A model integrating patient-specific TMS tracts and normative data predicted PLDs with 94% accuracy.

Conclusions:

Long-term postoperative language deficits result from resecting patient-specific white matter segments.
A personalized tool integrating TMS mapping, diffusion tractography, and population connectivity can preoperatively predict the linguistic impact of surgical decisions.
This data-driven approach enhances surgical precision and patient outcomes in glioma surgery.