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High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

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Method validation for quantification of five antineoplastic agents in urine using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

Eline Verscheure¹, Dina Vandervoort¹, Emily Deruyck¹

¹Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Archives of Toxicology

|October 16, 2025

Summary

New methods accurately measure hazardous antineoplastic agents in urine, crucial for monitoring patient and cohabitant exposure during home cancer treatment. This ensures safer at-home care for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:

Anticancer drug Biomonitoring Chemical exposure Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Trace analysis

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Analytical Chemistry
Pharmacology

Background:

Antineoplastic agents are hazardous, posing occupational risks in hospitals.
Increased at-home cancer treatment necessitates monitoring for patient and cohabitant exposure.
Existing monitoring methods are insufficient for high-risk compounds in home environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate sensitive methods for quantifying specific antineoplastic agents in urine.
To address the need for exposure assessment in home-based cancer treatment settings.

Main Methods:

Developed two validated methods for quantifying five high-risk antineoplastic agents (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, mitomycin C, imatinib, alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine) in urine.
Utilized liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction for sample preparation.
Employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for analysis.

Main Results:

Methods were validated for selectivity, efficiency, linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy.
Established lower limits of quantification ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL for the target agents.
Validated methods are ready for practical application in assessing occupational and home exposure.

Conclusions:

The developed urine-based analytical methods are highly sensitive and validated for quantifying key antineoplastic agents.
These methods are essential for monitoring exposure risks associated with at-home cancer therapy.
Implementation of these methods can enhance safety for patients and their cohabitants in non-clinical settings.