A Mixed-Methods Examination of Fertility Desires and Reproductive Planning Among Low-Income Black Fathers

Reproductive life planning (RLP) supports the achievement of fertility goals for both men and women, yet most studies focus on women. Black fathers living with low income, a vulnerable population at risk for multiple unplanned pregnancies and negatively stereotyped as reproductively irresponsible, are rarely asked about their RLP. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Black fathers' fertility desires and pregnancy prevention strategies and explore their contextual nuance.

A concurrent mixed-methods approach was conducted using quantitative data (n = 36) and qualitative data (n = 17) among Black fathers living with low income and participating in a Midwestern urban community-based fatherhood program. Differences between groups were compared using Fisher's exact test, and thematic analyses examined the relationship between drivers of participants' fertility desires and reproductive planning practices.

Participants had a median age of 33 years. Findings indicated that participants' fertility desires were not associated with pregnancy prevention (p = 0.251). Most interview participants desired pregnancies and recognized the need for a reproductive life plan. Health before pregnancy and financial stability were important determinants of fertility planning, and using pregnancy contraception was dependent, among other factors, on navigating trust with a partner. Overall, participants thought that using an adult mindset, in which they considered the consequences of unprotected sex, was key to family planning.

Findings highlight a breadth of factors influencing Black fathers' RLP and underscore the need for robust, tailored services. Community-based organizations already working with Black fathers can be leveraged to increase reproductive health awareness and facilitate reproductive life planning.