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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
Published on: March 17, 2023
RNase P generated tRFSer-GCT promotes fat storage in adipocytes via Adrb2 signaling
Linyuan Shen1, Yuhang Lei1, Xue Zhao2
1Farm Animal Germplasm Resources and Biotech Breeding Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Abstract:
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging regulators of metabolism, but their roles in adipose tissue are not well defined. Here, we profiled tsRNA expression in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), gonadal white adipose tissues, and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), revealing depot-specific patterns and a notable enrichment of mitochondrial tRF-5c fragments, especially tRF-1:29-chrM.Ser-GCT (tRFSer-GCT), in BAT. tRFSer-GCT expression correlated with mitochondrial abundance and increased during adipogenic differentiation and metabolic activation, both in vivo and in vitro. Functionally, tRFSer-GCT promoted adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and localized to mitochondria. Mechanistically, tRFSer-GCT is generated from mitochondrial tRNASer-GCT by the Ribonuclease P complex (Trmt10c, Hsd17b10, Prorp), with Hsd17b10 being essential for its biogenesis and for normal adipocyte lipid metabolism. tRFSer-GCT directly targets and downregulates Adrenoceptor Beta 2, a key metabolic regulator. In vivo, restoring tRFSer-GCT in Hsd17b10-deficient mice partially rescued adipose tissue accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. Together, these findings identify tRFSer-GCT as a mitochondrial tsRNA that promotes adipogenesis via the Ribonuclease P - Adrenoceptor Beta 2 axis, revealing a new layer of tsRNA-mediated regulation in adipose tissue biology.
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