Exploring the Bioactive Compounds of Haematococcus pluvialis for Resistant-Antimicrobial Applications in Diabetic...

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biotechnology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a global health concern, with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) significantly impacting patient quality of life and healthcare costs.
• Microalgae possess bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making them potential therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and identify *Haematococcus pluvialis* microalgae.
• To investigate the efficacy of its ethanolic extract against antibiotic-resistant bacteria commonly found in DFUs.

Main Methods:

• Ethanolic extract of *Haematococcus pluvialis* was tested against antibiotic-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* from diabetic patients.
• A central composite design was employed for statistical analysis, considering patient factors and extract efficacy.
• Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified key compounds in the extract.

Main Results:

• The ethanolic extract demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth, outperforming certain antibiotic treatments.
• Astaxanthin was identified as the primary bioactive compound responsible for the observed antimicrobial effects.
• The extract showed up to 70% and 30% inhibition against levofloxacin and ceftazidime resistant strains, respectively.

Conclusions:

• *Haematococcus pluvialis* ethanolic extract, rich in astaxanthin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against DFU-associated bacteria.
• This research highlights the therapeutic potential of microalgae-derived compounds for developing novel treatments for diabetic foot ulcers.
• Further investigation into these natural compounds could lead to improved therapeutic strategies for managing complex diabetic wounds.