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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Updated: May 12, 2026

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Injectable Hydrogels for Programmable Nanoparticle Release.

Wenting Shi1, Ying Xi1, Xinyi Sheng1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Advanced Functional Materials
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel injectable hydrogel system for sustained release of biological molecules. The dextran- and polyethylene glycol-based material allows for controlled drug delivery over two weeks, reducing injection frequency.

Keywords:
degradable hydrogelsprogrammable releasevirus-like particles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Injectable hydrogels offer a promising approach for sustained release of biological molecules, minimizing the need for frequent injections.
  • Developing hydrogel systems with controlled gelation and degradation kinetics is crucial for effective in vivo applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel injectable hydrogel system for programmable, sustained release of virus-like particles (VLPs).
  • To engineer tunable release profiles (burst, linear, delayed) over a two-week period.
  • To create a generalizable platform for degradable materials in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with oxanorbornadiene (OND) and thiol groups, respectively.
  • Utilizing Michael addition for controlled hydrogel formation via syringe-to-syringe mixing.
  • Employing retro-Diels-Alder and hydrolytic ester bond cleavage for VLP release.
  • Rheological characterization to assess hydrogel stiffness for subcutaneous administration.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogel system demonstrated efficient entrapment (>95%) of VLP cargo.
  • Programmable release profiles, including burst, linear, and delayed release over two weeks, were achieved by modifying OND linkages.
  • Rheological properties confirmed the hydrogels possess suitable stiffness for subcutaneous injection.

Conclusions:

  • The novel injectable hydrogel system provides a versatile platform for sustained release of biological molecules.
  • The system allows for precise control over drug release kinetics, offering potential for reduced injection frequency.
  • This modular approach is generalizable for developing advanced degradable materials for various biomedical applications.