Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease: Pathogenesis, model and treatment (Review)

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is caused by multiple factors that lead to the buildup of steatosis and fat deposition in hepatocytes. These changes are the primary hallmarks of the disease and result in significant impairment of liver function. Consequently, the quality of life of patients and their ability to work are adversely affected. The pathogenesis of MASLD involves both Western and Chinese medicines, with these mechanisms markedly influencing the onset and progression of MASLD; they are not independent but rather interrelated. Conducting histopathological diagnosis of MASLD in the liver is challenging in humans. Consequently, both in vivo and in vitro models are essential. Researchers must select appropriate methods and model types to establish MASLD models that most suitably mimic the human body. Currently, both pharmacological and non‑pharmacological treatments have some efficacy in improving the condition of MASLD and the combination of the two is more helpful in providing more effective treatment for patients, but further research and clinical trials are needed to verify in the future. Therefore, the present review comprehensively summarized the pathogenesis, model and treatment of MASLD. It will provide an important basis for subsequent research on MASLD.