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Structure and Stability of Phospholipid-Based Microbubbles Studied Using a Spin Probe.

Lauren E Jarocha1,2, Jason E Streeter3, Sherwood Ivan Weaver2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals the structure and stability of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) microbubbles. Over 12 hours, bubble degradation was observed, leading to structural changes and the formation of liposomes or micelles.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Surfactant microbubbles are utilized in various applications, but their stability is a key challenge.
  • Understanding the structural dynamics of phospholipid microbubbles is crucial for optimizing their performance.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy offers a sensitive method for probing molecular environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and stability of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) microbubbles using EPR spectroscopy.
  • To characterize the dynamic behavior of a spin probe within the microbubble monolayer.
  • To monitor microbubble degradation over time and identify the resulting structures.

Main Methods:

  • Steady-state EPR spectroscopy was employed with doxyl-5-stearic acid (5DSA) as a spin probe.
  • Microbubble size distribution was determined using optical microscopy (0.6–10 μm).
  • EPR spectral data were analyzed using the microscopic order-macroscopic disorder (MOMD) model and EasySpin software.

Main Results:

  • EPR spectra indicated slow motion and ordering of the 5DSA probe within the DSPC microbubble monolayer at room temperature.
  • Over 12 hours, a secondary, fast-motion nitroxide spectrum emerged, signifying microbubble degradation.
  • Degradation was attributed to gas exchange and wall interactions, leading to bubble collapse.

Conclusions:

  • DSPC microbubbles exhibit ordered structures but are prone to degradation over time.
  • Microbubble collapse results in the formation of liposomes, micelles, or free molecules containing the 5DSA probe.
  • EPR spectroscopy is effective in monitoring the stability and degradation pathways of microbubbles.