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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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National Prevalence, Regional Distribution, and Risk Factors for CKD in Taiwan.

Min-De Ang1, Chia-Yun Cheng1, Wan-Chuan Tsai1,2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
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Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of Taiwanese adults, with higher prevalence in men and eastern regions. Low awareness highlights the need for improved screening and interventions for kidney health.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Taiwan faces high dialysis rates, yet national chronic kidney disease (CKD) data is scarce.
  • Understanding current CKD prevalence and risk factors is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate national CKD prevalence in Taiwan.
  • To identify associated risk factors for CKD.
  • To evaluate chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 4298 adults from the 2017-2020 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan.
  • CKD defined by eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m² or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g.
  • Data collected on demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • National CKD prevalence is 10.0% (1.91 million adults), higher in men (11.9%) and eastern Taiwan (13.9%).
  • Independent risk factors include male sex, older age, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, gout, low socioeconomic status, and inactivity.
  • Only 8% of CKD patients were aware of their condition; CKDu comprised ~12.5% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • CKD impacts 10% of Taiwanese adults, showing significant geographic disparities and low awareness.
  • Urgent need for targeted interventions for modifiable risk factors and enhanced screening for early CKD detection and prevention.