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Multisystem Environmental Factors Elucidate Shared and Distinct Associations With Brain and Behavior in Adolescents.

Jivesh Ramduny1, Samuel Paskewitz1, Inti A Brazil2

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Multisystem environmental factors in childhood impact adolescent brain structure and psychopathology. Affluence is linked to higher brain volume and lower psychopathology, while adversity is linked to lower brain volume and higher psychopathology.

Keywords:
adolescenceenvironmentexternalizingpsychopathologysubcortical brain volume

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence brain development and adolescent mental health.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively integrated micro- to macro-system environmental influences with brain structure and psychopathology.
  • Understanding these integrated pathways is crucial for addressing adolescent mental health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between multisystem environmental factors in late childhood and subcortical brain volume in early adolescence.
  • To examine the relationship between multisystem environmental factors and psychopathology (externalizing and internalizing) in early adolescence.
  • To explore the mediating role of subcortical brain volume in the environmental-psychopathology relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (n=2,766).
  • Applied Bayesian latent profile analysis to identify distinct multisystem environmental profiles in late childhood.
  • Employed path analysis to assess direct and indirect effects of environmental profiles on subcortical volume and psychopathology.

Main Results:

  • Identified 9 distinct environmental profiles.
  • Adversity across family, school, and neighborhood systems, and family conflict/low school involvement were linked to increased externalizing psychopathology.
  • Family/neighborhood affluence was associated with higher subcortical volume and lower psychopathology; conversely, adversity was linked to lower subcortical volume and higher psychopathology.

Conclusions:

  • Identified specific environmental profiles and brain-related pathways (equifinality) associated with adolescent psychopathology.
  • Demonstrated that both environmental factors and subcortical brain volume play critical roles in the development of psychopathology.
  • Emphasized the need for integrated approaches considering multiple environmental systems for conceptualizing and treating adolescent mental health issues.