Posterior Urethral Reconstruction With Ileal Chimeric Free Flap: A Novel Approach for Management of Radiation-induced...

To describe our institutional experience of a case series using a novel multi-segment, chimeric free ileal flap for posterior urethral reconstruction, focusing on surgical technique, perioperative management, and functional outcomes. Complex posterior urethral defects, particularly those resulting from radiation pose a significant reconstructive challenge that is not easily approachable with standard reconstructive techniques. In this case series, we present a novel approach for this complex problem.

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent posterior urethral reconstruction with a chimeric free ileal flap at our institution. Data were collected via chart review.

Six male patients (median age: 61 years range: 59-77) with radiation-associated posterior urethral stenosis and bladder neck pathology underwent reconstruction. One was an active smoker; 3 had prior failed reconstructions. A 20-cm ileal segment was harvested and designed into a chimeric construct in all cases. The left deep inferior epigastric vessels were used for flap anastomosis. Median operative time was 717 minutes, and median hospital stay was 9 days. Two patients experienced early postoperative complications; none had flap loss. At median follow-up of 204 days, 4 patients had successful functional outcomes. One had persistent leak, and one required cystectomy for newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma found at the bladder neck on final pathology.

Chimeric free ileal flap reconstruction is a novel management option for radiation-associated posterior urethral defects, offering well-vascularized, versatile tissue in patients unsuitable for traditional approaches. However, this approach is complex that requires multidisciplinary collaboration and extensive surgical planning.