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Related Concept Videos

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

6.9K
Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
6.9K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

5.0K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
5.0K
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

7.8K
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
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ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

4.7K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
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Tubular ER dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.

Md Golam Sharoar1, Riqiang Yan2

  • 1Alzheimer's disease Research Program, Corewell Health Research Institute (CHRI), Corewell Health East, 3811 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB), Corewell Health East, 3811 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, United States of America.

Neurobiology of Disease
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubule shaping proteins are crucial for neuronal health. Dysfunction in these proteins contributes to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and hereditary spastic paraplegias.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseDystrophic neuriteHereditary spastic paraplegiaMitochondria dysfunctionTubular ER clusteringTubular endoplasmic reticulum

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle regulating neuronal growth, development, and maintenance.
  • Alterations in the ER network's structure and function are linked to neuronal abnormalities and death.
  • Morphological and functional defects in the ER's tubular domain are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ER tubule shaping and networking proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To highlight the involvement of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs).
  • To emphasize the importance of an integrated tubular ER network for axonal maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on endoplasmic reticulum tubule shaping proteins.
  • Analysis of studies linking ER dysfunction to Alzheimer's disease and hereditary spastic paraplegias.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying tubular ER abnormalities in neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Tubular ER dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases involves altered expression, aggregation, or deficiency of tubule-shaping proteins.
  • Specific ER tubule-shaping proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and HSPs.
  • An intact tubular ER network is essential for maintaining axonal health.

Conclusions:

  • ER tubule shaping proteins play a critical role in neuronal homeostasis.
  • Dysfunction of these proteins is a significant factor in the development of AD and HSPs.
  • Maintaining the integrity of the tubular ER network is crucial for preventing neurodegeneration and supporting axonal maintenance.