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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
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When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
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Protonic capacitor cell energetics: transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons/cations.

James Weifu Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States.

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons/cations (TELCs) theory explains cell electrophysiology and bioenergetics. This model elucidates protonic coupling and introduces a novel Type-B energetic process in mitochondria and bacteria.

Keywords:
TELCs-associated neuroscienceprotonic capacitor cell energeticsprotonic capacitor neural electrophysiologythermotropic functiontransmembrane-electrostatically localized protons/cations

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular electrophysiology and bioenergetics.

Background:

  • The transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons/cations (TELCs) theory offers a framework for understanding cell electrophysiology and bioenergetic systems.
  • It incorporates both delocalized and localized protonic coupling mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the TELCs-membrane-TELAs capacitor model and its applications in cell energetics.
  • To discuss recent critiques and identify future research opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • The study is a review article, synthesizing existing research on the TELCs model.
  • It examines the TELCs-membrane-TELAs capacitor model and its implications for bioenergetics.

Main Results:

  • The TELCs model successfully elucidates the energetics of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and alkalophilic bacteria, identifying a novel Type-B energetic process.
  • Application to neural cells has yielded new integral equations for neural transmembrane potential.
  • Experimental results confirm that a "potential well/barrier" model is unnecessary for explaining TELPs formation.

Conclusions:

  • The TELCs model provides a predictive theoretical framework for understanding cell physiology, bioenergetics, and neurosciences.
  • It offers new opportunities for research in protonic capacitor cell energetics.