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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Expanding the Comprehension of the Tumor Microenvironment using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples

Expanding the Comprehension of the Tumor Microenvironment using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples

Published on: June 29, 2022

Analysis of the tumor microenvironment using imaging mass cytometry data.

Zuzana Loncova¹, Zlatko Trajanoski¹, Dietmar Rieder¹

¹Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Methods in Cell Biology

|October 17, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced imaging techniques like imaging mass cytometry (IMC) reveal tumor microenvironment (TME) complexity. Analysis tools for IMC data improve understanding of cellular interactions for better cancer therapies.

Keywords:

Cell-to-cell interactions High-dimensional imaging Imaging CyTOF Imaging mass cytometry (IMC)Spatial analysis Tumor microenvironment (TME)Tumor-immune contexture

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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: March 25, 2020

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Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Expanding the Comprehension of the Tumor Microenvironment using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples

Expanding the Comprehension of the Tumor Microenvironment using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples

Published on: June 29, 2022

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: March 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biotechnology
Computational Biology

Background:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression, immune response, and treatment efficacy.
Understanding TME heterogeneity and cell-cell interactions is key to deciphering tumor dynamics.
High-dimensional imaging technologies offer novel ways to study the complex TME.

Purpose of the Study:

To present analysis approaches and tools for imaging mass cytometry (IMC) data.
To unravel cellular composition, spatial organization, and interactions within the TME.
To enhance understanding of the interplay between cancer, immune, and stromal cells.

Main Methods:

Utilized multiplex immunofluorescence imaging, imaging mass cytometry (IMC), and multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI).
Developed and applied analysis tools for IMC data.
Enabled simultaneous analysis of over 40 proteins in situ at high resolution.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the capability of IMC to provide detailed insights into TME composition and cell spatial organization.
Facilitated high-resolution, in situ analysis of cellular interactions with minimal crosstalk.
Provided a deeper understanding of the complex cellular landscape within the TME.

Conclusions:

IMC is a powerful tool for dissecting TME complexity and cellular interactions.
Developed analysis methods enhance the utility of IMC data for biological discovery.
Improved understanding of the TME supports the development of novel therapeutic strategies.