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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Published on: February 10, 2023
The correlation between smoking and preoperative deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture in geriatric patients: a
1Department of Orthopedics, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, No. 42, Yizhi Road, Shangyihao Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China. 13568531664@163.com.
Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and the incidence of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after hip fracture in geriatric patients.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 1,190 geriatric patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures. Patients were categorized into smokers and non-smokers based on their smoking history. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for preoperative DVT, controlling for potential confounders. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to minimize confounding variables, including age, sex, and comorbidities. Additionally, a dose-response analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the intensity of smoking and the probability of preoperative DVT.
Results:
The incidence of preoperative DVT was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers before PSM (27.6% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001) and after PSM (26.3% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001). Smoking was an independent predictor of increased preoperative DVT risk, with an adjusted OR of 3.68 (95% CI 2.23-6.08, p < 0.001) after multivariable regression and 2.75 (95% CI 1.47-5.14, p < 0.001) after PSM. A dose-response relationship was observed between smoking intensity and preoperative DVT risk.
Conclusions:
Smoking is an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT after hip fracture in geriatric patients. Moreover, a dose-response relationship was observed, with higher smoking intensity corresponding to a greater risk of DVT.
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