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Simultaneous Multicolor Imaging of Biological Structures with Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy

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Published on: December 9, 2013

Spatially Patterned Grid Optodes for Simultaneous Multiparameter Chemical Imaging.

Andrey V Kalinichev^1,2, Martin R Rasmussen^1,3, Felix L Hoch⁴

¹Department of Biology─Microbiology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

|October 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel grid optodes for high-resolution chemical imaging, overcoming limitations of traditional sensors. This modular system enables simultaneous oxygen and pH mapping with minimal interference using standard cameras.

Keywords:

2D visualization RGB cameras chemical gradients chemical imaging multiparameter measurements optodes

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chemical Sensing
Microscale Imaging

Background:

High-resolution chemical gradient imaging is vital for microscale environments.
Conventional planar optodes struggle with simultaneous multiparameter sensing due to spectral crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a modular alternative to planar optodes for multiparameter chemical imaging.
To achieve high-resolution, simultaneous sensing of oxygen and pH with minimal optical interference.

Main Methods:

Development of grid optodes: arrays of discrete sensor spots in a checkerboard pattern.
Utilizing a custom 3D-printed dispensing system for sensor spot fabrication.
Employing standard RGB cameras for optical readout and spatial interpolation for image reconstruction.

Main Results:

Achieved spatial resolution below 650 μm for parallel oxygen and pH detection.
Demonstrated robust 2D analyte map reconstruction using nearest-neighbor interpolation and mean filtering.
Validated grid optode performance in agar matrices and sulfidic sediment, comparable to planar optodes.

Conclusions:

Grid optodes offer a scalable, low-cost platform for high-resolution multiparameter chemical imaging.
This approach is compatible with accessible RGB detection systems.
The technology is adaptable for diverse microscale sensing applications.