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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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NuSTAR as an Axion Helioscope.

J Ruz1,2, E Todarello3,4,5, J K Vogel1,2

  • 1Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Physik, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores axions and axion-like particles by analyzing their X-ray conversion in the Sun's magnetic field. Researchers set new limits on axion-photon coupling, improving dark matter searches.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Axions and axion-like particles are hypothetical particles that could constitute dark matter.
  • Investigating axion properties requires sensitive detection methods and astrophysical environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for detecting axions and axion-like particles.
  • To establish new constraints on axion-photon coupling strength and explore unexplored mass ranges.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-sensitivity data from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) during the 2020 solar minimum.
  • Employed advanced solar atmospheric magnetic field models to simulate axion-photon conversion.
  • Analyzed potential conversion of axions into X-rays within the Sun's magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Established a new limit on axion-photon coupling strength (g_{aγ}≲7.3×10^{-12} GeV⁻¹ at 95% CL) for axion masses (m_{a}≲4×10^{-7} eV).
  • This constraint surpasses current ground-based experimental limits.
  • Explored previously uninvestigated regions of the axion-photon coupling parameter space up to m_{a}≲3.4×10^{-4} eV.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a significant advancement in probing axion properties.
  • The findings strengthen indirect searches for dark matter candidates.
  • This novel approach opens new avenues for axion detection using solar observations.