Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reactivity and mechanistic insights into multistep silane functionalization of oxo-graphene.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

A pH-responsive double network hydrogel for control of tomato bacterial wilt.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Stability and dermal safety of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXenes for potential skin-interfaced biosensor applications.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Decoding Carbon Dot Purity by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Turning Unpredictable Biomolecule Adsorption to Controlled Corona Formation: Focus on Carbon Nanomaterials.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Bulk Amorphous Alumina: The Density-Driven Interplay of Pentahedral Pyramids and Octahedra for High Dielectric Permittivity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin shRNA
12:19

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin shRNA

Published on: February 12, 2020

8.4K

RNA Delivery Using a Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine Hybrid Inhibiting Myotube Differentiation.

Koji Matsuura1,2, Giacomo Reina1, Zhengfeng Gao1

  • 1CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg 67000, France.

ACS Nanoscience Au
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Graphene oxide-polyethylenimine (GO-PEI) nanocarriers show potential for gene delivery but require improved endosomal escape for enhanced small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing efficiency in mammalian cells.

Keywords:
graphene oxidemyogeninmyotubespolyethyleniminesmall interfering RNAtransfection

More Related Videos

Exon Skipping in Directly Reprogrammed Myotubes Obtained from Human Urine-Derived Cells
06:20

Exon Skipping in Directly Reprogrammed Myotubes Obtained from Human Urine-Derived Cells

Published on: May 7, 2020

7.4K
Direct Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Myoblasts to Investigate Therapies for Neuromuscular Disorders
10:28

Direct Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Myoblasts to Investigate Therapies for Neuromuscular Disorders

Published on: April 3, 2021

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin shRNA
12:19

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin shRNA

Published on: February 12, 2020

8.4K
Exon Skipping in Directly Reprogrammed Myotubes Obtained from Human Urine-Derived Cells
06:20

Exon Skipping in Directly Reprogrammed Myotubes Obtained from Human Urine-Derived Cells

Published on: May 7, 2020

7.4K
Direct Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Myoblasts to Investigate Therapies for Neuromuscular Disorders
10:28

Direct Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Myoblasts to Investigate Therapies for Neuromuscular Disorders

Published on: April 3, 2021

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Gene Therapy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) conjugated with short polyethylenimine (PEI) chains (GO-PEI) is a novel nanocarrier candidate for delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA).
  • Efficient interaction between the positively charged GO-PEI platform and negatively charged siRNA facilitates complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of GO-PEI as an siRNA delivery nanocarrier in C2C12 cells.
  • To compare GO-PEI's performance against Lipofectamine RNAiMax, a standard transfection agent.

Main Methods:

  • C2C12 cells were transfected with siRNA using GO-PEI and Lipofectamine RNAiMax.
  • Myotube differentiation, myogenin gene, and protein expression were analyzed to assess gene silencing efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Lipofectamine RNAiMax induced significant myogenin gene and protein reduction, indicating successful gene silencing and cell differentiation.
  • GO-PEI promoted cellularization but showed comparable myogenin gene expression to controls and higher protein levels than RNAiMax.
  • Reduced gene silencing efficiency with GO-PEI was attributed to poor endosomal escape, likely due to low buffering capacity and insufficient protonation of amines.

Conclusions:

  • GO-PEI demonstrates potential for siRNA delivery but exhibits limited gene silencing efficacy due to inadequate endosomal escape.
  • Chemical modifications are necessary to enhance endosomal release and optimize GO-based platforms for gene therapy applications.