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Bioinspired Directional Hydrogel-Based High-Performance Flexible Sensor for Multiple Jumping Pattern Detection in

Hanqi Wang1,2, Sen Wang2, Yirong Jiang2

  • 1National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel bioinspired directional hydrogel (BDH) offers enhanced conductivity, mechanical strength, and moisture retention for flexible wearable sensors. This material, combined with machine learning, enables accurate motion tracking and intent recognition for human-machine interactions.

Keywords:
anisotropic structurebioinspired materialsconductive hydrogelflexible sensormoisture retention

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Conductive hydrogels are crucial for flexible wearable sensors due to their conductivity and flexibility.
  • Traditional conductive hydrogels suffer from poor moisture retention and mechanical properties, limiting their applications.
  • Bioinspired materials offer potential solutions by mimicking natural structures and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bioinspired directional hydrogel (BDH) with improved properties for wearable sensors.
  • To investigate the fabrication process and structural characteristics of the BDH.
  • To evaluate the performance of BDH-based sensors for motion tracking and intent recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of BDH using polyvinyl alcohol, polydopamine-modified carbon nanotubes, PEDOT:PSS, and sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid.
  • Utilizing flow-induced alignment and salt-induced aggregation/crystallization for structural anisotropy.
  • Characterization of mechanical strength, conductivity, and moisture retention.
  • Integration with machine learning algorithms for sensor data analysis.

Main Results:

  • The BDH exhibits pronounced structural anisotropy with aligned polymer domains.
  • Achieved excellent mechanical strength, damage tolerance, conductivity, and moisture retention.
  • Demonstrated suitability for high-load stress conditions in flexible sensors.
  • Enabled accurate motion tracking and intent recognition when combined with machine learning.

Conclusions:

  • The developed BDH system overcomes limitations of traditional conductive hydrogels.
  • The bioinspired design and fabrication method yield superior material properties.
  • BDHs show significant promise for advanced human-machine interactions, including motor training and ability assessment.