Problems of Antibiotic Resistance in Sepsis in Intensive Care Units: A Review of Current Research

The relevance of antibiotic resistance in intensive care units (ICU) is of great concern because of the growing threat to patient and health care system health. The aim of the study is to comprehensively analyse the prevalence, risk factors, clinical implications and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in sepsis. Methods include a systematic literature review and evaluation of the effectiveness of different approaches based on empirical evidence. Alarming levels of resistance to reserve-line antibiotics have been observed among Gram-negative pathogens in ICU. Irrational use of antibiotics, lack of adherence to infection control measures and limited implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes are key factors contributing to the development and spread of resistance. Infections caused by resistant pathogens are associated with increased mortality, risk of complications, longer hospitalization and higher treatment costs. This creates a situation where opportunities for effective antibiotic therapy become exhausted. Sepsis caused by resistant pathogens significantly complicates treatment and worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of complications and mortality. Overcoming the problem of antibiotic resistance requires a comprehensive approach that includes the development of new antibiotics, rational use of existing drugs, strengthening infection control measures, improving epidemiological surveillance and exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs), infection control measures and combined strategies have demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in combating the spread of resistance in ICU. This study contributes to the understanding of the magnitude of the antibiotic resistance problem and offers specific recommendations for improving clinical practice and health policy.