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Closing Electron Transfer Loop to Boost Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

Ruping Miao1, Xupeng Qin2, Yujie Wang1

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Summary

This study introduces fullerene (C60) as an electron mediator for efficient electrochemical urea synthesis from carbon dioxide and nitrate. This method enhances catalyst durability and significantly boosts urea yield rates.

Keywords:
C─N couplingElectrocatalysisElectron transfer loopFullereneUrea synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic C─N coupling offers a green route for urea synthesis.
  • Catalyst deactivation remains a challenge in electrochemical urea production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and durable electrocatalytic system for urea synthesis.
  • To investigate the role of fullerene as a redox-active mediator.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing fullerene (C60) as an electron mediator in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and nitrate.
  • Coupling electrochemical and chemical steps for urea synthesis.
  • Employing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the reaction mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Fullerene (C60) effectively inhibited the deactivation of copper active sites.
  • A spontaneous chemical redox reaction between C60 anions and nitrate regenerated neutral C60, closing the electron transfer loop.
  • Achieved a urea yield rate of 385.9 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ with enhanced long-term durability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy significantly improves urea synthesis efficiency and catalyst stability.
  • Fullerene-mediated electrocatalysis provides a promising framework for sustainable chemical production.
  • This work advances the design of efficient electrocatalysts for coupling reactions.