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Spreading processes on heterogeneous active systems: Spreading threshold, immunization strategies, and vaccination
Benjamín Marcolongo1, Gustavo J Sibona1, Fernando Peruani2
1Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IFEG - CONICET and FaMAF - , Córdoba, Argentina.
Physical Review. E
|October 21, 2025
Summary
Spreading processes in heterogeneous active agent systems are analyzed. Results show targeted vaccination is effective, unlike random strategies, and vaccination can alter outbreak size.
Area of Science:
- Complex Systems
- Statistical Physics
- Network Science
Background:
- Spreading phenomena are crucial in various systems.
- Heterogeneity in agent activity impacts spreading dynamics.
- Understanding these dynamics is key for control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze spreading processes in 2D systems with heterogeneous active agents.
- To derive an analytical expression for the spreading threshold.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of different vaccination strategies.
Main Methods:
- Combination of kinetic theory and complex network theory.
- Analysis of active speed distribution moments.
- Modeling of random and targeted vaccination strategies.
Main Results:
- An analytical spreading threshold expression was derived, dependent on the first and second moments of active speed distribution.
- Spreading is possible even with a vanishing average active speed.
- Targeted vaccination is effective, while random vaccination is not.
- Vaccination can act as quenched noise, influencing outbreak size.
Conclusions:
- Heterogeneity significantly impacts spreading thresholds and control strategies.
- Targeted interventions are crucial for managing spreading in active agent systems.
- Vaccination's dual role as noise offers new perspectives on outbreak control.
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