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Rotating Gold Nanomotors for High-Resolution Mapping of Subcellular Nanomotions.

Emelie Tornéus1, Charlotte Hamngren Blomqvist2, Caroline Beck Adiels2

  • 1Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

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Researchers developed a novel nanomotor platform using gold nanorods to precisely measure living cell nanomotions. This breakthrough offers high-resolution insights into subcellular mechanics and dynamic cellular processes.

Keywords:
cellular nanomotionmechanophenotypingoptical trappingplasmonic nanorodssingle‐cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cellular nanomotions are sensitive indicators of cell state and viability.
  • Existing methods face challenges in achieving nanometer precision and subcellular resolution for nanomotion capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a light-driven nanomotor platform for high-resolution mapping of subcellular mechanics.
  • To overcome limitations in measuring nanometer-scale cellular movements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized plasmonic gold nanorods as light-driven nanomotors.
  • Employed circularly polarized light to trap and rotate nanorods, transducing cellular nanomotions into rotational-frequency fluctuations.
  • Applied the platform to human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1).

Main Results:

  • Achieved tunable precision (10 nm axial at second timescales, 130 nm at millisecond resolution) over ≈300 × 300 nm² regions.
  • Resolved heterogeneous nanomotion patterns across different cellular regions (nucleus, perinuclear, periphery).
  • Detected transient oscillations at 10-20 Hz and uncovered scale-invariant 1/fα dynamics, distinguishing motion regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Established a label-free, non-invasive approach for quantitative, high-resolution mapping of subcellular mechanics.
  • Demonstrated the platform's ability to reveal dynamic cellular processes typically inaccessible to conventional methods.
  • Confirmed that measured signals originate from active cellular processes, not passive fluctuations.