The Oral Microbiota, Its Evolution, and Aspects of Support for Oral Health

Over the years, humanity has accumulated knowledge about the pathogens of infectious diseases and the ability of the human body to resist external aggression. In the last century, it became clear that the normal microflora of the human body can be used as an ally to resist a whole range of diseases. However, the intestinal microflora is the main object of modern complex studies. This review focuses on the microflora of the oral cavity. It describes the main microbiological composition of the microflora, including the most important bacterial species, fungi, and viruses. The main factors influencing the emergence of balance in the system "human oral cavity-microorganisms" are considered as well as environmental features that affect the formation of the species composition. The main functions performed by the oral microflora are described. Possible mechanisms for correcting initial dysbiotic disorders are also considered, including probiotics, bacteriophages, gases and thermotherapy, photobiomodulation, and diet correction.