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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Microphysiological systems for metastasis research: a stepwise approach.

Vira Sharko1,2, Ignacio Ochoa3,4,5, Estela Solanas6,7

  • 1Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.

Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) offer advanced models to study cancer metastasis, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. These systems enable detailed investigation of tumor cell invasion, circulation, and colonization for developing targeted therapies.

Keywords:
CancerMetastasisMicrofluidicsMicrophysiological systemsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cancer metastasis is a complex, multi-stage process and the primary cause of cancer mortality.
  • Traditional in vitro and animal models have limitations in replicating the dynamic and multi-faceted nature of metastasis.
  • Microphysiological systems (MPS) provide a promising alternative for studying metastasis with physiological relevance and experimental control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microphysiological systems (MPS) for modeling key stages of cancer metastasis.
  • To explore how MPS recapitulate the biological and biomechanical challenges encountered by tumor cells during metastasis.
  • To highlight the potential of MPS in understanding metastatic mechanisms and informing targeted therapy development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microphysiological system designs for metastasis research.
  • Categorization of MPS configurations (horizontal, vertical) and vascularization strategies.
  • Analysis of how MPS model specific metastatic processes: invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization.

Main Results:

  • MPS designs effectively model tumor microenvironment interactions (matrix, stromal cells, mechanical forces) driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion.
  • MPS can replicate vascular dynamics crucial for intravasation, circulation, and extravasation.
  • Organ-specific MPS environments are being developed to study colonization and organotropism.

Conclusions:

  • Microphysiological systems are powerful tools for dissecting complex metastatic mechanisms with high physiological relevance.
  • Advances in MPS design and application are crucial for understanding cancer progression and developing effective targeted therapies.
  • MPS offer a promising platform for preclinical cancer research, bridging the gap between traditional models and clinical outcomes.