Perceptions of cannabis among adults aged 60 years and older in Canada: a qualitative study

Since cannabis legalization in Canada, consumption by older adults has risen more rapidly than in other age groups. There is a need to better understand patterns of consumption, motivations, access, perceptions of risks and benefits, and how legalization has changed older adults' behaviours, especially across gender, and frequency of use.

We conducted 10 online focus groups with 72 participants aged 60 years and older, segmented by cannabis use frequency. Focus groups were held across five regions in Canada. Data were collected using open-ended questions and analyzed thematically.

Analysis revealed five themes: common practices; general knowledge; perceived harms; perceived benefits; and changes in stigma and social acceptability following legalization. The participants used various consumption methods, primarily oral consumption of edibles (gummies, capsules and baked goods) and inhalation (vaping and smoking). Legalization may have decreased stigma associated with cannabis use. Both frequent and infrequent consumers noted the therapeutic benefits of cannabis, particularly for pain management and mental health, but many expressed concerns about potential physical and cognitive adverse effects, possible interactions with medications and a lack of trustworthy sources of information or guidance from health care providers.

The findings demonstrate the complexities of cannabis consumption among older adults, who have specific challenges and risks, and the need for comprehensive public education and support from health care providers. Targeted research and policy development to address the specific needs of this underrepresented population are urgently needed.