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Single Nanowire Sensors for Intracellular Electrochemical Measurement
Yu-Ting Qi1, Xiao-Ke Yang1, Xin-Wei Zhang1
1College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
Accounts of Chemical Research
|October 22, 2025
Summary
Advanced core-shell nanowire sensors enable precise single-cell analysis, offering new insights into cellular processes and disease mechanisms. These nanoelectrochemical sensors provide high spatiotemporal resolution for monitoring key biomolecules within cells.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Single-cell analysis is vital for understanding cellular functions and disease progression.
- Nanoelectrochemical sensors offer high spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative capabilities for real-time cellular monitoring.
- Current nanoelectrochemical sensors require improved precision manufacturing, scalable electrode preparation, and advanced surface modification for enhanced single-cell analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of advanced core-shell nanowire sensors for single-cell-level detection.
- To discuss flexible construction strategies and intracellular detection methods using these sensors.
- To highlight their application in addressing significant physiological challenges and understanding disease mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Development of core-shell nanowire sensors with rigid nanowire cores and conductive, functionalized shells.
- Synthesis of conductive nanoshell layers with high catalytic properties for scalable production.
- Assembly of functional nanowires into single or multichannel electrodes using nanofabrication techniques.
Main Results:
- Accurate quantitative monitoring of key species like metabolites (NADH, ATP), redox species (ROS/RNS, GSH), and neurotransmitters (dopamine, glutamate) at the single-cell and subcellular level.
- Enhanced understanding of physiological changes and cellular pathogenesis.
- Significant discoveries in anticancer drug pharmacodynamics, macrophage redox homeostasis, and neurotransmitter release patterns.
Conclusions:
- Core-shell nanowire sensors represent a significant advancement in nanoelectrochemical sensing for single-cell analysis.
- These sensors facilitate highly sensitive and selective quantitative analysis of low-concentration intracellular components.
- Further development in sensor technology will greatly enhance our ability to probe complex cellular processes and disease mechanisms.
