Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and pathway interactions in periodontitis

Area of Science:

• Genomics and Molecular Biology
• Oral Health Research
• Immunology

Background:

• Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting oral tissues.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying severe periodontitis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the transcriptomic profile of severe periodontitis.
• To identify dysregulated molecular pathways involved in periodontitis pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• RNA sequencing was performed on gingival tissues from severe periodontitis patients and healthy controls.
• Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
• Protein expression of selected DEGs was validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Main Results:

• A total of 1651 DEGs were identified, with 909 upregulated and 742 downregulated in periodontitis.
• Upregulated genes included mitochondrial genes, pseudogenes, long non-coding RNAs, and immunoglobulins.
• Downregulated genes included keratin family members, immune modulators (e.g., CD207), and Wnt/β-catenin pathway components; IL-17 signaling was suppressed.

Conclusions:

• Severe periodontitis is characterized by significant transcriptomic alterations.
• Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and IL-17 signaling pathways contributes to periodontitis.
• Altered gene expression impacts cell chemotaxis, innate immunity, and epithelial barrier function in periodontitis.