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Transitioning from conventional to digital methods for estimating time since death: a multi-parameter forensic

Roberto Scendoni¹, Luca Tomassini², Giovanni Bianchini³

¹Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

|October 22, 2025

Summary

This study introduces software integrating body temperature and vitreous humor solute concentrations for more accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. The tool enhances forensic investigations by combining traditional and modern methods for precise time since death determination.

Keywords:

Digital system Forensic pathology Henssge nomogram Post-mortem interval Software Vitreous humor biochemistry

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Area of Science:

Forensic Pathology
Biomedical Informatics

Background:

Accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is vital in forensic pathology, yet traditional methods present limitations.
Varying formulas for solute concentrations in vitreous humor complicate precise time since death determination.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel software solution for improved PMI estimation.
The software integrates body temperature data and vitreous humor solute concentrations (potassium, albumin, hypoxanthine, urea).

Main Methods:

Developed a Java-based program integrating the Henssge method with solute concentration data.
Implemented formulas from scientific literature into an intuitive, cross-platform (Windows, MacOS) interface.
Focused on functional requirements like quick data input and low resource consumption for easy interpretation.

Main Results:

The software offers more precise PMI estimations by unifying the Henssge method with regression equations.
Integration of multiple data points enhances usability for both practical forensic applications and academic research.

Conclusions:

A cohesive software solution for PMI estimation integrating traditional and modern methodologies has been developed.
The program's comprehensive approach and intuitive design are expected to improve accuracy and facilitate broader application in forensic investigations.