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Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
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Long-term memory and subjective forgetting: A longitudinal study.

Yuerui Wu1, Gail S Goodman1, Deborah Goldfarb2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States.

Child Abuse & Neglect
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate childhood trauma memory in adulthood correlates with self-reported temporary forgetting and higher trauma symptoms. This longitudinal study clarifies the complex relationship between memory recall and subjective forgetting in survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA).

Keywords:
Child maltreatmentChild sexual abuseForgettingMemoryTrauma symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Investigating memory accuracy in adults recalling childhood trauma is crucial, especially when the trauma was initially forgotten.
  • This study focuses on the relationship between memory accuracy and subjective forgetting of child sexual abuse (CSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal relationship between memory accuracy for a childhood maltreatment evaluation and self-reported subjective forgetting of CSA over 20 years.
  • To explore the links between these memory phenomena and trauma symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 109 adult participants who were assessed as children in a forensic unit for child maltreatment.
  • Memory accuracy was assessed by comparing adult interview responses to childhood forensic evaluation records.
  • Participants were categorized based on disclosure of CSA and reporting of subjective forgetting.

Main Results:

  • Better adult memory for core childhood trauma-related events was associated with subjective forgetting (β = 0.22, p = 0.036).
  • Higher trauma symptomatology in adulthood predicted increased likelihood of reporting subjective forgetting (B = 0.08, p = 0.001).
  • Early age at assessment and adult trauma symptoms also predicted accurate memories (βs ≥ 0.34, ps < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Accurate recall of a childhood maltreatment evaluation is positively associated with subjective forgetting and adult trauma symptoms.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between memory, forgetting, and trauma symptomatology in survivors of childhood maltreatment.