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We developed a universal model for cavity electro-optic modulation, enabling advanced optical pulse and frequency comb synthesis. This framework explores strong-coupling and high-bandwidth regimes for enhanced photonic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Cavity electro-optic (EO) modulation is crucial for optical pulse and frequency comb synthesis.
  • Existing models do not fully capture extreme conditions of strong coupling and high bandwidth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a universal framework for pulse-comb synthesis under strong-coupling and high-bandwidth cavity EO modulation.
  • To explore nonlinear dynamics and enable arbitrary comb shaping.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a universal theoretical framework for cavity EO modulation exceeding the free spectral range (FSR).
  • Investigated higher-order nonlinear dynamics including temporal pulse compression.
  • Utilized machine learning for inverse microwave drive design to shape frequency combs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated rich nonlinear dynamics in EO-driven frequency combs and pulses.
  • Revealed a link between EO pulse-comb dynamics and synthetic dimension band structure.
  • Achieved tenfold enhancement in comb flatness using ML-designed drives and exploring detuning effects.

Conclusions:

  • The framework enables universal and programmable EO frequency combs.
  • Findings unlock potential for topological photonics and photonic quantum computing.
  • Pushes cavity EO modulation into strong-coupling and high-bandwidth regimes.