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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

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Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
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Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing01:22

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Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to an individual's self-evaluation of their overall life satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment. This multifaceted construct is typically assessed by analyzing the balance of positive and negative emotions alongside perceptions of life satisfaction. Personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion are strongly associated with variations in SWB, offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of emotional well-being.
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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Associations Between Positive Affect and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review.

Martha Schneider1, Christian Rominger2, Andreas R Schwerdtfeger2

  • 1University of Graz, Strassolodogasse 10, Graz, 8010, Austria. martha.schneider@uni-graz.at.

Current Cardiology Reports
|October 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positive affect (PA) is often linked to higher heart rate variability (HRV), particularly vagally mediated HRV. However, the relationship between PA and HRV varies significantly across different contexts and measurement methods.

Keywords:
ArousalHeart rate variabilityPositive affectSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Cardiovascular Regulation
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • The interplay between positive affect (PA) and heart rate variability (HRV) is crucial for understanding emotion regulation and cardiovascular health.
  • Existing literature suggests a link between PA and HRV, but findings are not always consistent.
  • This review addresses the need for a synthesized understanding of this relationship across various contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current research on the association between positive affect (PA) and heart rate variability (HRV).
  • To examine this relationship across different contexts, including resting-state, stress reactivity, and recovery.
  • To consider variations in how PA is conceptualized and measured.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies.
  • Included studies spanned experimental, ambulatory, cross-sectional, and mixed designs.
  • Data from 36 studies involving 5501 participants were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Elevated PA was most frequently associated with higher vagally mediated HRV (RMSSD, HF power), but context-dependent.
  • Resting-state and trait-like PA measures showed the most consistent positive associations with HRV.
  • In stress paradigms, effects varied by stress phase and PA arousal; RMSSD was a consistent index. In real-life, aggregated PA linked to higher RMSSD, momentary PA to lower RMSSD.
  • Findings for other HRV metrics (LF/HF, LF-HRV, SDNN) were mixed.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between PA and cardiac autonomic regulation is complex and context-dependent.
  • Future research requires greater methodological consistency to clarify the temporal dynamics of the PA-HRV association.
  • Understanding this relationship has implications for emotion regulation strategies and cardiovascular health interventions.