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Head Acceleration Events in Collegiate Rodeo Athletes.

Colton D Carlson1, Jacob J Miller1,2, Jason C Dorman3,4

  • 1Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|October 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Collegiate rodeo athletes experience numerous head acceleration events (HAEs) during competition. Whiplash, not direct impact, is the most common cause, varying by event.

Keywords:
ConcussionHead ImpactsInstrumented MouthguardRodeo

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Repetitive head impacts in sports raise concerns for long-term brain health.
  • Head impacts in rodeo, particularly roughstock events, remain understudied.
  • Understanding head acceleration events (HAEs) is crucial for athlete safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To track and characterize HAEs in collegiate rodeo athletes.
  • To investigate HAEs in Bareback, Saddle Bronc, and Bull Riding events.
  • To identify the frequency and mechanisms of HAEs in rodeo.

Main Methods:

  • Instrumented mouthguards were used to record HAEs.
  • 13 collegiate rodeo athletes participated across NIRA-sanctioned competitions.
  • HAEs were video-verified and categorized by cause.

Main Results:

  • 344 HAEs were captured across 112 monitored rides.
  • Bareback riding showed the highest HAE frequency but lowest median linear acceleration.
  • Whiplash was the predominant mechanism of HAE, surpassing direct head contact.

Conclusions:

  • Collegiate rodeo athletes in roughstock events sustain significant HAEs.
  • HAEs vary by specific event (Bareback, Saddle Bronc, Bull Riding).
  • The mechanism of HAE, primarily whiplash, differs across events.