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Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
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Core Muscle Recruitment during Horseback Riding: A Pilot Study.

Jacob J Miller1,2, Aarabhi Gurumoorthy3

  • 1Rocky Mountain Orthopedics Clinic, Intermountain Health, Fruita, Colorado.

South Dakota Medicine : the Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Core muscles activate during horseback riding, with activity increasing with gait speed. This finding supports horseback riding for athletic training and rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Horseback riding is a popular global activity.
  • Core muscle strengthening is often recommended for riders, but muscle activation during riding gaits is not well understood.
  • This study investigated core muscle activation during horseback riding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the activation of key core muscles during various horseback riding gaits.
  • To compare muscle activation during riding with ground exercises.
  • To understand the relationship between riding speed and core muscle engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) measured activation in the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, and rectus abdominis.
  • Nine rodeo club members participated, performing ground exercises for maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) baseline.
  • Subjects rode at walk, trot, and lope (canter) gaits, with muscle activation compared to MVC.

Main Results:

  • All tested core muscles demonstrated activity during horseback riding.
  • The rectus abdominis exhibited the highest level of activation.
  • A positive correlation was observed between riding gait speed and the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction in all core muscles.

Conclusions:

  • Core musculature plays a significant role in horseback riding.
  • Increased riding gait speed leads to greater core muscle activation.
  • Findings can inform riding rehabilitation protocols and highlight benefits for athletic training and hippotherapy.