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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

7.2K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.3K
Surveys02:16

Surveys

16.6K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Misrepresentation in Data Collection as a Form of Institutional Discrimination

David Claudio1, Danika Lee Comey1, Elizabeth Aghbashian1

  • 1David Claudio is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA. Danika Lee Comey is the research lead for Proyecto SALUD (Scientists And Latinos United against Disparities), Mark and Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman. Elizabeth Aghbashian is a retired public health professional living in Bozeman, MT. Sally Moyce is an associate professor in the Mark and Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman.

American Journal of Public Health
|October 23, 2025
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No abstract available in PubMed .

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