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Coupled acidification-nitrification dynamics in eutrophic estuarine waters.

Hongming Yao1, Bingqian Zhu2, Ming Zhu1

  • 1Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.

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|October 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estuarine acidification and nitrification rates are closely linked, especially in the middle estuary. Climate change may intensify this coupling, impacting coastal ecosystems and requiring informed management strategies.

Keywords:
AcidificationAcidification sensitivityEstuaryEutrophicationNitrification rates

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Area of Science:

  • Coastal biogeochemistry
  • Estuarine ecology
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Acidification and nitrification are key estuarine processes with significant impacts on coastal ecosystems.
  • Integrated field research is lacking, leading to oversimplified understandings of their complex interactions.
  • Estuarine systems face increasing pressure from climate change and anthropogenic activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal covariations between acidification sensitivity and nitrification rates in an estuarine system.
  • To understand how hydrological conditions influence the coupling between acidification and nitrification.
  • To assess the impact of climate change on these coupled processes and inform coastal management.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of inorganic carbon and nutrient data along a land-sea continuum.
  • Quantification of acidification sensitivity and nitrification rates.
  • Microbial community analysis focusing on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea.
  • Application of machine learning models to predict future impacts under climate change scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Estuarine pH sensitivity to ammonium was highest in the middle estuary, coinciding with peak nitrification rates.
  • The coupling between acidification and nitrification intensified by 40% during the transition from dry to wet conditions.
  • Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were more sensitive to acidification than ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
  • Acidification was linked to decreased nitrification in the lower estuary.
  • Machine learning models predicted exacerbated acidification and nitrification under future climate change scenarios in the Pearl River Estuary.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a significant coupling between estuarine acidification and nitrification, particularly in the middle estuary, influenced by hydrological shifts.
  • Findings highlight the differential sensitivity of microbial communities to acidification and suggest potential disruptions to nitrogen cycling.
  • Projected climate change impacts indicate a potential amplification of these coupled processes, emphasizing the need for proactive coastal management and policy interventions to maintain ecosystem health.